The real and the virtual water balance of china in 1999 data in gm3yr. The wfn footprint was established for orchard operations in 10 green kiwifruit cultivation regions including the major cultivation region of te puke. The manual breaks new ground by presenting a scientifically rigorous method for companies to understand their dependency and impact on global water resources. A water footprint map shows the volumes of water used at various locations, for example the water used worldwide to make the products consumed by a given community. The wfn investigation of the water footprint revealed difficulties in the interpretation of the wfn guidance manual. Pdf the water footprint assessment manual andres baron. The water footprint assessment manual join for water. Calculation of the water footprint of a product using lca methodology should be based on the iso 14000 series, specifically iso 14040, iso 14044, and iso 14046. Comprehensive information provided by a water footprint assessment can assist water users and aid in understanding how one can achieve more efficient and sustainable water use and. Water footprint assessment manual water footprint network. The high water consumption and large amount of wastewater generated in the. By 20, 4 billion tonnes of portland cement were produced worldwide, enough to produce about 32 billion tonnes of concrete, which represents more than 4.
The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of a. Water footprint is a measurement of the volume of water consumed evaporated or otherwise not returned or assimilation capacity used. The corporate water footprint is equal to the sum of the direct and indirect water footprint i. Pdf the water footprint assessment manual the water. Thanks to this assessment, an organisation can calculate the potential environmental impacts related to the water footprint regarding its products or services or the organisation itself, by implementing a life cycle approach. Water footprint assessment in support of sustainable development. It shows how water footprints can be calculated for individual processes and products, as well as for consumers, nations and.
Setting the global standard, earthscan, london, uk. Concrete is the single most widely used material in the world and is only surpassed by water in terms of consumption. This manual has been prepared by the authors as requested by the water footprint network and serves as the water footprint guidelines promoted by the wfn. This pilot study reaches its targets in terms of estimating the blue, green and grey water footprint of liquid packaging board produced at the stora enso skoghall mill, and increasing the understanding of water footprinting of fibre based materials. Provides a comprehensive set of methods for water footprint assessment. Live area 159 x 240mm trim size 156 x 234mm bleed 18mm spine 24.
The water footprint is a measure of humans appropriation of freshwater resources. Water footprint urges us to think about indirect and embedded water consumption which may occur at distance. Water footprint manual university of twente research information. This handbook is a practical guide to develop a sustainable approach to water use that is based on practices of the international standard. This report presents a number of innovations in the methodology which are recommended for consideration by the wfn and others keen to understand the total water impact of their products value chains and the risks this may present to their. The scope and boundaries of such assessment is determined by the level of existing information and understanding of the water footprint within the selected cities. Water footprint assessment analysing sustainability, efficiency, equity and security arjen hoekstra. Disclosure on assessment and management of business. The manual contains a complete, consistent and uptodate overview of the method of water footprint assessment. In conformance with iso14046 and to answer the needs around the issue of water, the assessment should take into consideration water consumption and water degradation.
Iso 14046 environmental management water footprint a. The water footprint assessment manual published by earthscan, 2011 waterstat database maintained by water footprint network freely downloadable from. Of great pertinence to this assessment is the sustainability of the groundwater. Best practice lca life cycle assessment lca software. The average water footprint of a consumer in spain. The methodology for calculating a water footprint has been available for some time now, but the first regionalised inventory database has only just been released. Life cycle assessment lca has been used to assess freshwaterrelated impacts according to a new water footprint framework formalized in the iso 14046 standard. Assessment of the water footprint of fresh kiwifruit.
Aug 17, 2012 the water footprint assessment manual 1. The water footprint assessment manual setting the global. Only air and soil emissions that impact water quality are included in the assessment, and not all air and soil emissions are included. It covers a comprehensive set of methods for water footprint accounting. Water use is an essential environmental indicator for all activities in the product life cycle. The manual breaks new ground by presenting a scientifically rigorous method for companies to understand their dependency and impact. Water footprint assessment in support of sustainable. The water footprint assessment tool wfat released in 2012 greatly expands the scope and functionality of wfn water footprints. To date, no consensusbased approach exists for applying this standard and results are not always comparable when different scarcity or stress indicators are used for characterization of impacts.
Water footprint assessment wfa under the water footprint network hoekstra et al. The water footprint assessment manual setting the global standard pdf. The water footprint assessment manual is an extremely valuable tool and standard methodology that we hope will be widely adopted by governments, nonprofits, corporations, and watershed managers to ensure the sustainability of producing various goods and services in various locations and to accurately report water use and management information. Water footprint assessment offers a new perspective for developing a wellinformed water strategy provides understanding of local watersheds contexts and local processes water use efficiency identifies where water use is not sustainable andor efficient, and identifies water related physical and. The assessment is global and improves upon earlier research by taking a highresolution approach, estimating the water footprint of the crop at a 5 by 5 arc minute grid. It also estimates the impact of the lpbs water footprint based on the water stress index.
The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both. Pdf the increase in the consumption of animal products is likely to put further pressure on the worlds freshwater resources. Cotton from the aral sea basin, central asia 2006 2009 1977 19991986 20. Many individuals and organisations have asked the water footprint network for a manual that. The wulca consensus characterization model for water.
Case study on the water footprint of stora ensos skoghall. Download full publication pdf return to previous page. Water footprint of eus cotton consumption blue water the water footprint has a spatial dimension, so it can be mapped. It also provides information on sustainability, by comparing. A complete and uptodate overview of the global standard on water footprint assessment. Hoekstras own addressing of the concepts criticisms, see his paper. The water footprint assessment tool wfat released in 2012 greatly expands the scope and functionality of. People use a lot of water for drinking, cooking and washing, but significantly more for producing things such as food, paper and cotton clothes. Besides, the report includes methods for water footprint sustainability assessment and a library of water footprint response options. The water footprint of a nation is equal to the use of domestic water resources, minus the virtual water export. Water footprint assessment in support of sustainable development session report, 14 january 2015 session structure this seminar convened by water footprint network focussed on how water footprint. Standard for the assessment of the water footprint.
A complete and uptodate overview of the global standard on water footprint assessment available in four languages. Water footprinting requires a detailed water modelling approach and the use of specialised impact assessment methods and data. The water footprint assessment manual water footprint network. The accounting scheme shows the various balances that hold for the water footprint related to national consumption wf cons,nat, the water footprint within the area of the nation wf area,nat, the total virtual water export v e. Water footprinting methodologies are continually being refined. Iso and itc have jointly published this handbook to help organizations carry out water footprint assessment according to the iso 14046. Corporate water accounting an analysis of methods and tools for. It also offers guidance on response strategies that conserve water for industry, communities, and nature.
The accounting scheme shows the various balances that hold for the water footprint related to national consumption wf cons,nat, the water footprint within the area of the nation wf area,nat, the total virtualwater export v e. Aug 14, 2017 iso and itc have jointly published this handbook to help organizations carry out water footprint assessment according to the iso 14046. This manual presents a scientifically rigorous method to. Differences in interpretation led to the development of. Comments off on water footprint assessment manual a shared standard on definitions and calculation methods is crucial given the rapidly growing interest in companies and governments to use water footprint accounts as a basis for formulating sustainable water strategies and policies. Water footprint assessment description water footprint is a novel indicator of freshwater use, which quantifies the volume of water required by a product, service or activity when and where it is consumed. Water footprint assessment specialty food ingredients. Water footprint assessment, policy and practical measures in a specific.
Pdf the water footprint assessment manual researchgate. The assessment framework is based on the manual developed by water footprint network hoekstra et al 20111. Strawberries for export animal feed from california, usa top6 water consumers california. A full water footprint assessment goes beyond accounting of water consumption, in that it also addresses the sustainability of the water use, and allows a business to identify its waterrelated impacts and vulnerabilities and identify potential response actions. Water quality assessment guidance manual for 305b water.
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